![]() ![]() Table 2 shows guidelines for proper oil level. On the other hand, there will not be effective lubrication or ability to cool the gears if the level is too low. There will be excess agitation loss if the oil level is too high. However, splash lubrication has several problems, two of them being oil level and temperature limitation. Also known as oil bath lubrication, it requires a gear tangential speed of at least 3 meters/second to be effective. The rotating gears splash lubricant onto the gear system. Splash lubrication is used with an enclosed system. Excess grease will cause agitation, viscous drag, and result in power loss. However, too much grease can be harmful, particularly in an enclosed system. The third issue is the proper quantity of grease, as there must be sufficient grease to do the job. As such, using grease may become a problem as the temperature can rise under high load and continuous operating conditions. This is due to the cooling effect of grease not being as good as lubricating oil. The second is that grease lubrication is not suitable for use under high load and continuous operation. A lubricant with good fluidity is especially effective in an enclosed system. The first is that you must choose a lubricant with suitable cone penetration. There are three major points regarding grease. Grease lubrication is suitable for any gear system that is open or enclosed, so long as it runs at low speed. The proper selection of lubricant is especially important. When using gears at high speed/heavy load, or when using easily worn gears such as worms or screw gears, care should be taken in selecting the right type of lubricant quantity and methods. ![]() Use of lubricants under improper conditions will cause damage to gear teeth. Since lubricants diminish or become depleted in the long term, periodically changing the oil or refilling is necessary. Grease lubrication can be applied in low speed/low load applications however, it is important to apply grease periodically, especially for gears used in open environments. Table 1b: Ranges of sliding speeds (m/s) for worm gears. Table 1a: Ranges of tangential speeds (m/s) for spur and bevel gears. Tables 1a and 1b present lubricants, methods, and their applicable ranges of speed. For example, some systems have maintenance reasons for which a grease lubricant is used even with high speeds. For medium and high speeds, splash lubrication and forced oil circulation lubrication are more appropriate, however there are exceptions. At low speeds, grease lubrication is a good choice. Choice depends upon the tangential speed and rotating speed. There is no single best lubricant and method. There are three gear lubrication methods in general use: grease lubrication, splash lubrication (also known as the oil bath method), and forced oil circulation lubrication. A good lubricant will minimize the friction and will also cool the gear at the same time. However, their ability to dissipate the heat is limited. When using metal gears, they can act as a heat sink and absorb some of the heat, pulling it away from the mesh. The friction in turn creates heat and it is the heat of the interaction that causes premature failure of the gears. The interaction of the surfaces on each gear creates friction. As a gear interacts with another gear, the motion is transmitted via surface contact. The reason lubrication is needed in a gear system is to counteract the effects of friction. However, applications that involve high speed or high torque must include a suitable lubrication method if the system is to run for any reasonable amount of time. A simple hand-crank operation may not require any lubrication at all. Gears require different types of lubricant depending on the operating conditions. Just like your vehicle, it is important to regularly check the lubricant in your gear mechanism. This inspection allows you to identify other issues with the vehicle before they become significant problems. Part of this longevity is due to the physical changing of the oil the other part is that while you are changing oil, you have time to inspect other parts of the vehicle. If you change the oil on a regular basis, your vehicle will operate with fewer headaches. With today’s synthetic oils and computerized engines, you have more flexibility but the old adage holds true. With your automobile, it is tribal knowledge that 3,000 miles or three months is a good indicator that you should change the oil in your car. H ave you ever been driving down the road and the check engine light suddenly comes on? Sometimes the oil service light might come on too. ![]()
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